| Antibody | |||||
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Antibodies are proteins that are present in the blood and other bodily fluids (such as interstitial fluid and lympatic fluid). Antibodies are part of the immune system to identify and neutralise antigens such as bacteria, virus and fungii.
Antibodies are molecules in the blood or secretory fluids which identify, destroy, or neutralise bacteria, viruses, or other harmful pathogens (foreign invading substances). They are members of a class of proteins known as immunoglobulins, which are produced and secreted by B lymphocytes in response to stimulation by antigens. An antibody is specific to a particular antigen and will recognise it if it comes into contact with it.
Circulating in the blood and in tissues, antibodies bind to toxins to remove them by forming easily recognised antibody-antigen complexes which are phagocytosed (engulfed and destroyed) in the liver and elsewhere in the body.
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- The ability of antibodies to recognise a specific antigen is an important characteristic of antibodies
- Immunity (from illness) is acquired through the production of antibodies
- Antibodies are one of the two important antigen recognition molecules of the immune system
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Antibodies are essential to providing immunity and sustaining health and resisting disease caused by virus, bacteria, fungii.
There are five different classes of antibodies or immunoglobulins (Ig) known as IgD, IgA, IgM, IgE and IgG. There are four subclasses of IgG and two sublcasses of IgA.
The first exposure to an antigen (bacteria, fungus, virus) will initiate a primary response that initiates the production of IgM antibodies first, and then IgG antibodies. Further exposure to the same antigen will initiate a secondary response and the main antibodies produced quickly and in large numbers are the IgG antibodies.
references
- Marieb EM, Hoehn K. Human Anatomy & Physiology. 7th edition, 2006. Benjamin Cummings Publishing
- Tortora GJ, Derrickson BH. Principles of Anatomy & Physiology. 11th edition, 2005. Wiley Publishing
To learn more, go to the following web sites:
- University of Arizona (USA)
